Laboratory wastewater analysis

1. Sources of laboratory wastewater: laboratory drugs, reagents, test solutions, laboratory wastewater collected after completing experiments, residual reagents, expired laboratory reagents and other comprehensive wastewater;

2. Composition of laboratory wastewater: inorganic substances, organic substances, biological wastewater, etc;

1) Inorganic substances: heavy metal ions, acid-base pH values, halide ions, and other non-metallic ions, etc;

a、 Heavy metal ions: mercury, cadmium, total chromium, hexavalent chromium, lead, manganese, silver, nickel, zinc, iron, cobalt, tin, magnesium, zinc, copper, aluminum, arsenic and other metal cations, as well as heavy metal ion groups in complex states such as (Cr2O7) 2-, (CuCN) -, (AuCN) -, (Ptcl6) 2-, etc;

b、 Non metallic ions: fluoric acid or fluoride, free cyanide or cyanide compounds, complex ion compounds, AsO32-, AsO43-, Hg+, Hg2+, etc;
c、 Acidic and alkaline pH values: nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, etc;

2) Organic compounds: organic solvents, detergents, surfactants, benzene, toluene, xylene, aniline, phenol, polychlorinated biphenyls, benzo [a] pyrene, phenols, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrylonitrile, acrolein, alkanes, alkenes, hydrogen fluoride, petroleum, oil substances, methanol, aniline, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitro compounds, nitrosamines, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, ethers, mixed hydrocarbons, ketones, sugars, halogenated hydrocarbons, proteins, organophosphorus pesticides, etc;

3) Biological categories: pathogens, etc;

a、 Pathogens: bacteria, viruses, chlamydia, mycoplasma, spirochetes, fungi, Brucella, anthrax bacteria, etc;

The wastewater treated by the laboratory comprehensive wastewater treatment system can be directly discharged into the municipal sewage pipe network


Functional characteristics of LK "Lingke Zhitong" laboratory comprehensive wastewater treatment system

1. Versatile: Suitable for wastewater treatment in various laboratories;

2. Technology: Multiple advanced technologies are used to treat and purify comprehensive wastewater in multiple stages, fully meeting discharge standards;

3. High degree of automation: centralized control, user-friendly human-machine interface, simple operation, fully automatic operation, no need for dedicated personnel to be on duty;

4. Automatic protection function: leakage or electric leakage automatic protection function, high and low voltage automatic protection function, no wastewater protection function, liquid level protection function of each processing unit, electrical equipment overload protection function, electrical circuit overload protection function;

5. Timed automatic cleaning function: The system automatically cleans the parts that need to be cleaned at regular intervals, resulting in a longer service life of the parts;

6. Low operating costs: low system power and energy consumption; Stable operation, minimal malfunctions, and low maintenance costs; Long service life and low cost of consumables; Automatically administer medication in proportion, resulting in low drug consumption; No need for dedicated personnel to be on duty, no management fees for dedicated personnel, etc;

7. Environmentally friendly: The system uses a compound silent motor and anti-corrosion pump, with low noise; The entire process adopts a sealed treatment, with no odor, no leakage, and no secondary pollution to the environment such as waste residue, wastewater, and exhaust gas;

8. Intelligent integration: Through a "one-stop" integrated design, it occupies a small area, has fast processing speed, is easy to install and move, truly achieves engineering equipment, has a beautiful appearance, and does not require digging multiple processing pools;

2、 Scope of laboratory application

Introduction to the current situation of laboratory wastewater pollution

With the development of science and technology in China, the demand for laboratories is increasing, especially in the past decade, the number of various laboratory constructions has been continuously increasing. From the distribution of laboratories, they are mainly concentrated in secondary and higher education institutions, research institutes, medical institutions, biopharmaceuticals, disease control, environmental monitoring, product quality inspection, drug testing, blood stations, animal husbandry, hospitals, enterprises and other industries. The discharge of laboratory wastewater is not large, and its pollution is easily overlooked.

Laboratories are actually a typical and serious source of pollution, and pollutants are often overlooked by people. The more they are built, the greater the total amount of pollution. In China, the wastewater generated in laboratories is generally discharged directly into the underground sewage network without treatment or simple treatment, and sent to large-scale domestic sewage treatment plants for centralized treatment. Due to the complex composition of laboratory wastewater, especially the presence of heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, copper, antimony, divalent iron, aluminum, manganese, as well as a large number of pathogenic pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and insect eggs, as well as chemical agents and radioactive isotopes, the facilities of domestic sewage treatment plants are "powerless" and can only be discharged into rivers in the end. These laboratories, especially chemical laboratories in central urban and residential areas, pose a significant threat to the environment. Due to historical reasons, the drainage pipes of many chemical laboratories are connected to the drainage pipes of residents. Pollutants form cross contamination, acute and latent transmission characteristics through sewers, and eventually flow into rivers or infiltrate underground. After heavy metals enter water sources or soil, they may enter the human food chain through various pathways. Medical data states that heavy metals such as lead and mercury can cause neurological, digestive, and hematological disorders in the human body. Therefore, the direct discharge of laboratory wastewater poses immeasurable harm to water resources and the environment.

With the continuous enhancement of people's environmental awareness and the continuous improvement of corresponding environmental regulations, laboratory wastewater treatment has become one of the assessment items of laboratory management system. Therefore, it is of great significance for the comprehensive treatment of laboratory wastewater.

3、 Process flow
Introduction to main processing methods


The LK "Lingke Zhitong" laboratory comprehensive sewage treatment system developed by Shandong Lingke Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. consists of a wastewater classification and collection unit, a wastewater regulation unit, a wastewater pretreatment unit, a wastewater deep treatment unit, a dosing unit, a settling and separation unit, a physical treatment unit, a chemical treatment unit, a physical and chemical treatment unit, a biological treatment unit, a terminal comprehensive deep purification unit, a terminal pH adjustment unit, a monitoring unit, etc. The main treatment methods are as follows.

1) Physical methods: using grids, centrifugation, clarification, filtration, oil separation and other methods to separate suspended solids or turbid substances in wastewater;

2) Chemical method: using acid-base neutralization, coagulation dosing, flocculation precipitation and other methods to remove inorganic or colloidal substances from wastewater;

3) Physical and chemical methods: using adsorption, oxidation-reduction, catalytic oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, composite disinfection and sterilization technology, high and low potential difference microelectrolysis technology, electrochemical oxidation-reduction * technology and other physical and chemical methods to remove inorganic and organic substances or colloidal substances from wastewater;

4) Biological treatment method: Treatment is carried out through two-stage organic biofilm purification, biofilm method, new bioreactor and other methods.

The comprehensive treatment of inorganic, organic, and biological wastewater generated in the laboratory through various treatment processes can effectively remove COD BOD、SS、 Different treatment technologies and control systems are used for wastewater treatment based on the composition of different experimental wastewater, such as chromaticity and heavy metal ions.